Multiplication chart 1–12 and how to use it

Before you start

Who it's for and what to know first

Understanding multiplication as repeated addition.

Learn it

How it works

• To find 7 × 8, go along row 7 and down column 8: they meet at 56.
• The chart is symmetrical along the diagonal because 7 × 8 = 8 × 7. You only need to learn half the facts.
• The diagonal holds the square numbers: 1, 4, 9, 16 … 144.
• Patterns: ×10 ends in 0; ×5 ends in 0 or 5; ×9 digits add to 9 (up to 9 × 10); ×11 repeats the digit up to 9 × 11.
• Use it to check work, then cover rows you already know.

Tips

Common mistakes

• Reading the wrong row — use a ruler or finger.
• Reading along the wrong row. Put a finger on the row and a finger on the column and slide them together.